Resuscitation apparatus



Nov. 9, 1948. c, A, s 2,453,475

RESUSCITATION APPARATUS Filed Sept. 14, 1945 IINVENTOR CUENELIUE A."TUBIA 5 ATTORNEY Qo LT-LL'W Patented Nov. 9, 1948 Cornelius A.;,Tobias,Berkeley, Calif., assignor to the United Statesof America as representedby the Secretary of the'Navy Application September 14, 1945, SerialNo;616,389

3 Claims. (o1.12s-29) This invention relates to resuscitation appa ratusand particularly to manually, controlled resuscitators. i i

An object of the invention is to provide, an improved resuscitationapparatus of such construc 5 tion as to facilitate the emergencyadministration of oxygen under pressure intermittently and tosimultaneously furnish the requisite quantity of oxygen to the rescuerand the person being revived.

Other objects of the invention are to providean improved resuscitationapparatus which is so constructed as. to. permit the administering ofoxygen under such pressure and at such intervals as to induce artificialrespiration for the re1ief of anoxemia and asphyxia; to provide animproved resuscitation apparatus, of the character described, havingcontrol means associated with a breathing mask in such manner thatthefmask and control means may be manipulated with one hand, saidcontrol means beingarranged so as to intermittently relieve the.pressure within said mask for permitting the expiration of previouslysupplied oxygen; to provide an, improved resuscitation apparatus, .ofthe character described,

which is readily portable and which has separate discharge means topermit the furnishing of oxygen simultaneously to two persons inaccordance with their particular requirements; and to provide improvedelements and arrangements thereof in so a resuscitation apparatus of thecharacter described and for the purposes set forth. f

In accomplishing these and other. objects of the present invention, Ihave provided improved details of structure, the] preferred form ofwhich'tfi is illustrated in the accompanying drawing, wherein:

Fig. l is a transverse, vertical, sectional view of a resuscitat onapparatus embodying the featuresof the present invention and showing a.40

breathing mask with manual control means connected thereto. C I

i Fig. 2 is a plan view of the complete resuscitation apparatus showingthe supply tank and the for a rescuer and person to be revived. 11

Fig. 3 is an enlarged and somewhat diagrammatic cross-section of theexhalation valve of the mask. of Fig. 1 with some features altered andpro ort ons exaggerated for clarity.

In Fig. 1, the numeral l designates apreferably rubber breathing orresuscitator mask of the pressure tv e having its inlet 2 communicatingwith a flexible supply tube or hose 3. of rubber or other fully explained. manual control means in the form of an attachment or connect1ngbody4is interposed between the inlet 7. and hose. 3 for establisbingcommunication therebetween.

mask l is confined within a preferablycylindrical,

metallic tankerbottle 5 (Fig. 2, and is adapted to be delivered to thehose 3 through a metallic tubeii, reducing valve 1, rubber hose 8 andpres-- sure regulator 9. The tube (5 and hose 8 are preferably of lessdiameter than the hose 3 and are formed of similar material, beingprovided with conventional couplings for connection with the valve 1 andregulator 9. In order tojvary the pressure of the oxygendelivered to thehose}, the regulator is. provided with a control ill; for adjustingthedischarge ofsaid regulator. .When

the control it! is in its ofi position, the regulator 9 functions ondemand and oxygenmust bedrawn therethrough by suctionor v flowstherefrom at ambient pressure. Manifestly, the reducingvalveincorporated therein.

A suitable T it connects the inner end of the .coacts with the pressureregulator and couldbe tube fi to one end of the bottleli and a secondpressure regulator l2 communicates with the 1T through a metallic tubeH3. The regulator, is

of the demand type so as to permit the passage I of oxygen therethroughat ambient pressure or only when a suction is drawn on its outlet flfi,

A flexible hose l5, similar to the hose 3, is connectedto the regulatoroutlet l l for supplying oxygen upon demand to a mask I6 which isadapted tobe worn by the rescuer, aswill be hereinafter morefully-explained.

.In order to facilitate handling of the bottlej5,

Q a handle. I! extends longitudinally of said bottle and is securedtheretoby a suitable strap arran ement l8 which encircles thebottle andwhichjl has foot portions. The reducing valve 1 and-pres lsure regulatorl 2 are preferably supported by the-strap arrangement l8.

As shown in Fig. 1, a cavitylS isformed iri the mask I and is separatedfrom theinlet'Z bye, suitable transverse partition whichhas a flexible.iiap valve 2|] mounted thereinior admitting oxygen to the cavityfromsaid inletand preventing the reverse flow of oxygen. H An outlet 2]. isIdisposed below and to the rear of the cavity ltintere mediatethe'lflapvalve 2!] and the lower portion o fthe inlet. Communicationbetween the cavity andoutlet is established by an exhalation qvalye '22of conventional construction and .having its e upper end openingintosaid cavity. A complete Referring more in detail tothe drawing: 1 Q.

de cription of the exhalation valve Z Z is given ult mately hereinafterbut only those details necessaryfor an understanding ,of its functioninthe apparatus .are given immediately hereinafter. "Radial ports 23 areformed, in theexteribr of 1 suitable material. As will be hereinaftermore said valve for discharging oxygenfrom .thelcavity the inlet"? andopenin s are formedinvthenipple,

e [whereby the lower surface of said valve isexposed y en under pressureto be supplied to that),

to the pressure within said inletso that the valye 9 'sai'd bracket andwhich en'g 3 4 remains closed when the pressures within the 31 by thismovement against the tension of the cavity and inletare substantiallyequal. Itis thus coiled spring A3, whereby said disc is returned toapparent thgtt the' flap valve Zilhndthe exhalation itsseated positionupon release of the lever 49. valve 22 constitute check valves for themask 1 For releasing pressure from the inlet 2 and operating in oppositephase but on the same gen- 5 body 4, an exhaust opening or port 5| isformed eral principle of all usual check valves i. e. opeh in theforward portion of said body adjacent its ing and closing in response tothe pressure differ upper land; The lever 49, when depressed, overentialexerted on two actllating suriaces. each oj lie s theport 5i and isprovided with a valve disc which is exposed .to the pressure aparticular 14, or fm'e mber secured to its inner surface for closregion.T0 ing said upon depressing of said lever and The body 4 is of enlarged,cylindrical shape and opening movement of the valve disc 36. A pair isformed of metal or other sierra-101e, material: "or 1ate'ra1 lugs 53extend rearwardly from the inaxial, circular opening is provided intl ejlat ter rn e diate portion of the lever and are adapted bottom .25 ofthe body and is externally stir to overlie the lugs of the bracket 33when said rpunded by a depending collar lever is depressed. v The lugsare preferably formed l le. Qh ni s o rece vi a pin h sh seas to lock"said lever inits depressed pgsiti orr tp provide a constant supply ofoxygen to th' l r I, alation valve. However, to faciled 'support or theV te understanding of its structure ringtfl rsfixed within me pper Eperat on a description is herewith included nfd said cap is fastenedthereto with reference to Fig. 3. Hermetically sealed a. "25 a p s qumehhes o the in of w shimmers t th idy are a 'main diaphragm 54, of

101i of thfe cap by the' 'screws 3'2 so' as ru suitable r'naterial anda'coni- 2? h .q 'h lfalgm. N s m a materiel,

, s'q y heir r s ,..T cham h by the u ward porlti ed forjclarity in Fig.3 into the 23. fIhe lower side of compenp p 55 subject to the action ofI ther l ght spr rrg jll and the pressure of the oigygerr supplycommunicated through port 60.

pb "xha t ipnfih e increased pressure on the f the diaphragm 54 actsagainst ss urean'd atmospheric pressure on f he d a r pres h ate anannular passage 6| 121 .h e l s r e 9h t to porter z and thence to theatmosphe re. c N on of exhalation the oxygen s hll ilnrrss s h is thr io it t shhrs hr s raismrt a d n m n 56 to s al the m raph ragrn againstthe body of thevalve tlfiis closing ofi the passagefil. a. toiled as asOperation a resuscitation apparatus construct d as described is asfollows:

In resuscitating an unconscious person, the

3 Jo the rescuerand the operating lever Q9 2 ..T 91 9 .{l a is depressedwith the palm of the same hand.

i ,st m a f sp fy- 60 gu e to theconnection between the lever and the ldisc 35, s a i d disc is raised from its seat 31 a r xyge n is permittedto flow through the opening 25, body A and nipple 38 into the inlet 2 ofthe rnask. Simultaneously with the opening movement oi th edisc 36, theexhaust port 5| is 3 e valvemember52 carried by the lever. :I pressure,oljthe oxygenis determined by the tment oi the control ill of thepressure regor 9 andsu'ch pressure is sufficient to inflate end thelungs, of the unconscious person. nee or 1ly ope ha nd of the rescuer isrequired 'tg hpld the mask "and manipulate the lever, the other hand i'sjree to adjust the control I!) or valve M support the bottle}; hymeansof the handle ll.

13 with its Seat If nechssam'the mask l6 may be worn by the .rnasl; lisplaced over the .persons face with one 7 disc.

rescuer while approaching the unconscious perto enter the cavity i9 andbe supplied to the person being resuscitated. After a suitable intervalof time, the lever is released to permit seating of the disc 38 by thetension of the springdii, thereby shutting ofi theflow of oxygen throughthe body to the inlet. The downward movement of the disc swings thelever outwardly and moves the valve member 52 out of engagement with theport 5| to permit the escape of oxygen trapped within the body and inletby the closing of said Since the lower surface of the exhalation valve22 is exposed to the pressure within the inlet through the openings ofits nipple 24, the escape of such pressure causes said valve to open inresponse to the pressure of the oxygen within the cavity of the mask andpermit the discharge of said oxygen through the ports 23 and outlet 2|,thereby deflating the lungs of the person being resuscitated.

By alternately depressing the operating lever at predeterminedintervals, oxygen may be administered intermittently to induceartificial respiration for the relief of anoxemia and asphyxia until theperson regains consciousness or normal respiratory activity is restored.

In the event of complete respiratory arrest, it is necessary to insert asmall rubber tube, known as an airway and not illustrated, in theperson's mouth after pulling his tongue forward to assure the freepassage of oxygen to the lungs. The lever is actuated rather slowly andpreferably from six to fifteen times per minute. Ordinarily inspirationrequires 40% of the time and expiration 60%.

Upon the restoration of normal respiratory activity, the valve disc 36may be locked in its open position by depressing the lever and passing apin (not shown) through the lugs 35 and 53. In addition, the control ll]of the pressure regulator 9 is turned to its off position so that oxygenwill be supplied at ambient pressure or as required by the resuscitatedperson. Thus, when desired, the mask may be used in the customarymanner.

By the use of a mask of the type shown and described herein, it isunnecessary for the moist, exhaled oxygen to pass through the body 4 andonly dry oxygen contacts the interior of saidbody or the elementsdisposed therein. Therefore, the resuscitation apparatus may be used athigh altitudes and freezing temperatures without any danger of saidapparatus becoming inoperable,

the exhalation valve 23 being constructed so as to discharge the moistoxygen under such conditions.

While I have shown but one embodiment of my invention, it is susceptibleto modification without departing from the spirit of the invention. I donot wish, therefore, to be limited by the disclosures set forth, butonly by the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A resuscitation apparatus including a breathing mask; a manuallycontrolled valve attached to said mask and communicating on its lowpressure side with the interior of, said mask and on its high pressureside with a source of com-- said valve comprising a valve body,

pressed gas; a spring-seated valve disk therein and manually operatedmeans including a control handle for actuating said valve disk; saidvalve body having on its low pressure side a port communicating with theatmosphere and said manually operated means including means for closingsaid port simultaneously with unseating of said valve disk;

a first check valve interposed in the passage bephere through a passageindependent of said manually operated valve, said second check valveopening and closing in response to pressure within the interior of saidmask, superior and inferior, respectively, relative to the pressure insaid valve body, whereby gas may be expelled from said mask withoutcontacting said manually operated valve.

2. A resuscitation apparatus including a breathing mask; a manuallyoperated valve comprising a valve body and a valve disk attached to saidmask so arranged that one hand can be employed both to apply said maskand to control said valve; said manually operated valve communicating onits high pressure side with a source of compressed gas and on its lowpressure side through a first check valve with the interior of saidmask, said first check valve closing in response to relatively superiorpressure within the interior of said mask; a second check valve open ingin response to pressure within the interior of said mask superiorrelative to that in said valve body, for controlling flow of fluidbetween the interior of said mask and the atmosphere through a passageindependent of said valve body; a port communicating between said valvebody and the atmosphere; and means for opening said port simultaneouslywith the seating of the disk of said manually operated valve.

3. A resuscitation apparatus including a breathing mask; a, manuallyoperable valve attached to said mask for controlling flow of gas theretofrom a relatively high pressure source; a first check valve interposedbetween said manually operated valve and said mask, said check valveclosing in response to relatively high pressure within the interior ofsaid mask; a second check valve for controlling the flow of gas betweenthe interior of said mask and the atmosphere through a passageindependent of said manually operated valve, said second check valveopening in response to relatively high pressure within the interior ofsaid mask; and means operating simultaneouslywith the seating of saidmanually operated valve to subject said check valves to atmosphericpressure on one of their actuating surfaces whereby said check valvesare actuated by the diiierential in pressure between the atmosphere andthe interior of said mask. CORNELIUS A. TQBIAS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS

